Melt the butter in your heaviest Dutch oven over medium heat until it stops foaming. The wide bottom gives you room to work, and the thick walls will prevent any scorching during the long braise ahead.
Drop in the sliced onion and let it cook until the pieces turn translucent and start to soften around the edges. You want them pliable but not browned — they'll add sweetness without competing with the cabbage's natural flavors.
⏱ 5 min
Add all that sliced cabbage and toss it around with tongs until every ribbon gets coated in the buttery onion mixture. Cover the pot and let the cabbage wilt down considerably — it'll shrink to about half its volume as the cell walls break down and release moisture.
⏱ 10 min
Scatter in the diced apples, then pour in the vinegar, wine, and brown sugar. Tuck the bay leaves and cloves throughout the mixture, then season with salt and pepper. Give everything a good stir to distribute the seasonings evenly.
Pour the broth over everything and bring the whole pot to a rolling boil. The liquid should barely cover the cabbage mixture — if it looks dry, add a splash more broth.
Drop the heat to low and cover the pot with the lid slightly askew to allow some steam to escape. Let it bubble gently for about an hour and a half, until the cabbage becomes completely tender and the liquid reduces to a syrupy glaze.
⏱ 1 hr 30 min
Check on the pot every 30 minutes or so, giving it a gentle stir and adding more broth by the quarter-cup if the mixture looks like it's getting too dry. The goal is moist, jammy cabbage — not a scorched bottom.
Fish out the bay leaves and whole cloves before serving — nobody wants to bite into those. Taste and adjust the balance with more salt, pepper, or a splash of vinegar if it needs more brightness. The flavor should be sweet, tangy, and deeply satisfying.